Influenza Virus Vaccine, Live Attenuated
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. The Influenza Virus Vaccine, Live Attenuated, is a vaccine designed to protect against certain strains of the flu virus. This article provides comprehensive information about the live attenuated influenza vaccine, including its uses, mechanism of action, administration, potential side effects, precautions, and drug interactions.
Uses & Indications
The Influenza Virus Vaccine, Live Attenuated is approved for the prevention of influenza in healthy, non-pregnant individuals aged 2 through 49 years. It is specifically designed to protect against the influenza strains included in the vaccine for the current flu season as determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other public health agencies. This vaccine is not appropriate for individuals with certain chronic medical conditions or weakened immune systems.
How It Works
The Influenza Virus Vaccine, Live Attenuated contains weakened (attenuated) live influenza viruses. When administered, these attenuated viruses replicate in the nasal passages, stimulating an immune response without causing significant illness. This immune response generates antibodies against the specific influenza virus strains present in the vaccine. These antibodies provide protection against future infection with those strains. Because the vaccine is live, it mimics a natural infection, resulting in broader, more robust immunity than inactivated (killed) vaccines.
Dosage and Administration
The Influenza Virus Vaccine, Live Attenuated is administered intranasally (via the nose) as a spray. The recommended dosage is 0.25mL split between the two nostrils. It is typically administered as a single dose annually before the onset of flu season (typically fall/winter). A healthcare professional should administer the vaccine.
Side Effects
Common side effects of the Influenza Virus Vaccine, Live Attenuated may include runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, headache, muscle aches, and low-grade fever. These side effects are generally mild and resolve within a few days. Severe allergic reactions are rare but possible. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, hives, dizziness, or weakness after receiving the vaccine.
Warnings and Precautions
The Influenza Virus Vaccine, Live Attenuated should not be administered to individuals who are allergic to eggs, gelatin, or other components of the vaccine. It is also contraindicated for individuals with certain medical conditions, including:
Asthma or reactive airway disease
Chronic lung disease
Heart disease
Weakened immune system (due to illness or medication)
Children aged 2-4 years who have had wheezing or asthma episodes within the past 12 months.
Pregnant women should not receive the live attenuated influenza vaccine. Close contact with severely immunocompromised individuals who require a protected environment should be considered before vaccination, as transmission of vaccine virus can rarely occur. Consult a healthcare provider to discuss any concerns or existing medical conditions before receiving the vaccine.
Drug Interactions
Certain medications, such as aspirin and other salicylates, should not be given to children and teenagers for several weeks following vaccination with a live attenuated influenza vaccine, unless directed by a doctor. This is due to the association of Reye’s syndrome with aspirin use after viral infections, including influenza. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
FAQs
Q: How effective is the live attenuated influenza vaccine?
A: The effectiveness of the flu vaccine varies from season to season based on the circulating strains. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes yearly estimates of vaccine effectiveness.
Q: Can the live attenuated vaccine give me the flu?
A: No. The viruses in the vaccine are weakened and cannot cause influenza. However, you may experience some mild side effects that mimic cold symptoms.
Q: Who should not receive the live attenuated influenza vaccine?
A: Pregnant women, individuals with certain chronic medical conditions (e.g., asthma, heart disease), those with weakened immune systems, and children under 2 years old should not receive this vaccine.
Q: When should I get vaccinated?
A: It is recommended to get vaccinated annually before the onset of flu season, ideally in the fall.
Q: What should I do if I experience side effects?
* A: Most side effects are mild and resolve on their own. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience severe or concerning side effects.
This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before making decisions about your health or treatment.
